1.)Positive rights require gov't to act in specified ways. Positive rights are important because include the rights of individuals to receive certain services from the government. Negative rights restrict government action. Many of the individual rights protected by the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights are stated as negative rights. For example the 1st Amendment staes "Congress shall make no law" that violates your freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petiton.
2.)Only under one circumstance should the rights of institutions and classes of individuals be given preference over individual rights. The circumstance is to protect individuals from criminals. Other that no because you can't take an individuals rights away or limit them.